Aspiration biopsy of the uterine cavity (Pipelle endometrial biopsy)

Fast, painless, and accurate endometrial diagnosis

To establish an accurate gynecological diagnosis, a doctor often needs to examine the cells of the uterine lining (endometrium). Previously, traumatic curettage under general anesthesia was used for this purpose. Today, at St. Luke’s Clinic, we use the “gold standard” of modern diagnostics — aspiration biopsy of the uterine cavity (Pipelle biopsy).

This is the least traumatic, safest, and fastest method of tissue collection for histological analysis, which is performed on an outpatient basis (during a regular appointment) and does not require cervical dilation or hospitalization.

How does aspiration (Pipelle) biopsy work?

A special instrument is used for the procedure — Pipelle. This is a very thin (about 3 mm in diameter), flexible plastic tube with a plunger inside. The doctor carefully inserts it into the uterine cavity through the natural opening of the cervix. Then, by pulling the plunger, negative pressure (vacuum) is created, which sucks (“aspirates”) microscopic particles of the endometrium from different areas of the uterus into the tube. The obtained material is immediately sent to the laboratory.

Main advantages of the method at St. Luke’s Clinic

• Minimum discomfort: since the instrument is ultra-thin, there is no need for painful dilation of the cervix with instruments (as with conventional curettage).
• No general anesthesia: the procedure is performed under local anesthesia (spray or gel) or without it at all, as it feels only like a slight pulling sensation in the lower abdomen (similar to menstrual cramps).
• Speed: the material collection itself takes about 1-2 minutes.
• Safety: the risk of infection or trauma to the uterine walls is reduced to zero, as a soft, disposable instrument is used.

When does a gynecologist prescribe aspiration biopsy?

This analysis is indispensable for detecting inflammatory, precancerous, or oncological processes at the earliest, curable stages. Indications for the procedure include:

• Abnormal uterine bleeding (too heavy periods, spotting in the middle of the cycle, or after menopause).
• Suspicion of endometrial hyperplasia (thickening), detected during ultrasound.
• Chronic endometritis (inflammation of the lining), which is often the cause of miscarriage.
• Diagnosis of infertility causes and preparation for IVF (in vitro fertilization).
• Monitoring the condition of the endometrium during hormone therapy.

How to prepare and what to expect afterwards?

The procedure is most often performed in the first half of the menstrual cycle (or on any day as prescribed by the doctor). Before the manipulation, it is necessary to ensure the absence of acute infections, so the doctor will take a smear for flora.

Immediately after the aspiration biopsy, you will be able to leave the clinic and return to your usual activities. For 1-2 days, minor spotting and mild pulling pain may be observed, which is a completely normal reaction of the body.

Timely and accurate diagnosis is the key to preserving your women’s health. Make an appointment with a gynecologist at St. Luke’s Clinic for a safe examination without stress and pain.